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SFB granted in 2016 – endeavour of the integrative data analysis going far beyond the current state-of-the-art for JAK-STAT signalling analyses published in 2024

CEMM  |  VETMEDUNI | MPL 

DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01804-1

The integrative efforts of all SFB members have produced the following deliverables and often surprising insights into JAK-STAT biology:

• Transcriptome and epigenome variability in homeostasis of T cells and macrophages isolated from large cohorts of C57BL/6 mice.
• Tissue context deprivation of immune cells leads to loss of gene signatures driven by JAK-STAT in situ and single cytokine treatment restores multiple JAK-STAT pathways, including those not directly activated by the cytokine’s receptor.
• STAT1 was previously considered to be the key player in signal transduction of all IFNs, while STAT2 and IRF9 were only seen as constituents of the ISGF3 complex together with STAT1. Our discovery of the dominant role of STAT2 and IRF9 in homeostatic gene expression necessitates a complete revision of this basic tenet of JAK-STAT biology as it cannot be reconciled the previous model of tonic IFN-I receptor signalling.
• The literature places STAT3 and STAT5, but not other STATs, in the category of ‘master regulator’ TFs with a major impact on the development of cell types. However, we find that STAT2 has a greater impact than STAT3 and STAT5 on homeostatic gene expression. Surprisingly, however, ISGs are among the genes under the homeostatic control of STAT3 and STAT5.
• Homeostatic gene expression differs significantly between wildtype (WT) cells and cells expressing only the STAT1a isoform. In the presence of only the Stat1b isoform, homeostatic gene expression differs from that of both STAT1a and STAT1 KO cells. Thus, the two isoforms are non-redundant in the maintenance of homeostatic gene expression. These data refute two prevailing concepts: (i) that STAT isoforms are redundant as components of the ISGF3 complex and (ii) that the loss of homeostatic gene expression reflects the loss of a tonic IFN-I receptor signal.
• All STATs influence tonic gene expression in splenic macrophages and CD8⁺ T cells. However, none of the STATs except STAT5, not even the master regulator STAT3, have a major impact on chromatin accessibility under cell homeostasis. STAT5 has the expected clear effect in CD8⁺ T cells, which diminishes in B cells and macrophages. In contrast, myeloid and lymphoid cells expressing the activated STAT5^N642H display a clear increase in accessible chromatin, in keeping with the transforming ability of this mutant.
• Hyperactivated STAT5 activates chromatin regions and genes that are not affected in STAT5-deficient cells. The de novo STAT5 targets might contribute to the leukemic progression observed in vivo.

T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive immature T cell cancer. A research team led by Prof. Richard Moriggl at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna has studied the most frequent and clinically challenging STAT5BN642H driver in T cell development and immature T cell cancer onset in genetically modified mice. Supported by SFB groups and highly regarded international collaborators the first author Tobias Suske found small molecular agents targeting STAT5B drastically reduced cancer growth in human T-ALL cell lines grafted into mice.

Published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation

Tobias Suske, Helena Sorger, Gabriele Manhart, Frank Ruge, Nicole Prutsch, Mark W. Zimmerman, Thomas Eder, Diaaeldin I. Abdallah, Barbara Maurer, Christina Wagner, Susann Schönefeldt, Katrin Spirk, Alexander Pichler, Tea Pemovska, Carmen Schweicker, Daniel Pölöske, Emina Hubanic, Dennis Jungherz, Tony Andreas Müller, Myint Myat Khine Aung, Anna Orlova, Ha Thi Thanh Pham, Kerstin Zimmel, Thomas Krausgruber, Christoph Bock, Mathias Müller, Maik Dahlhoff, Auke Boersma, Thomas Rülicke, Roman Fleck, Elvin Dominic de Araujo, Patrick Thomas Gunning, Tero Aittokallio, Satu Mustjoki, Takaomi Sanda, Sylvia Hartmann, Florian Grebien, Gregor Hoermann, Torsten Haferlach, Philipp Bernhard Staber, Heidi Anne Neubauer, Alfred Thomas Look, Marco Herling, Richard Moriggl

Hyperactive STAT5 Hijacks T-Cell Receptor Signaling and Drives Immature T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI168536

The SFB Jak-Stat subproject leader Richard Moriggl took the full professorship Biochemistry and Metabolism Research at the Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology of the Paris Lodron University Salzburg in March 2024. The SFB member congratulate Richard to this career step. Richard will remain an associate member of the SFB. Mathias Müller – the coordinator of the SFB – has taken over the leadership of the Subproject ‘Partners in Crime: STAT3 and CDK6 Control Transformation in Hematopoietic Cells’. Mathias will be supported by the SFB associate members Dagmar Gotthardt, Karoline Kollmann, Thorsten Klampfl and Sebastian Kollmann.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is one of the world’s oldest and most widely used vaccines. It was developed in the early 20th century to provide protection from tuberculosis. Surprisingly, this vaccine protects not only against tuberculosis but also reduces the risk for various other infections, through a mechanism called trained immunity. A new study led by SFB member Christoph Bock and Mihai Netea found that epigenetic cell states predict whether or not an individual profits from the “wake-up call” to the innate immune system that is provided by the BCG vaccine. This discovery contributes to the development of future therapeutics that induce protective trained immunity.

Published in Immunity

Simone J C F M Moorlag, Lukas Folkman, Rob Ter Horst, Thomas Krausgruber, Daniele Barreca, Linda C Schuster, Victoria Fife, Vasiliki Matzaraki, Wenchao Li, Stephan Reichl, Vera P Mourits, Valerie A C M Koeken, L Charlotte J de Bree, Helga Dijkstra, Heidi Lemmers, Bram van Cranenbroek, Esther van Rijssen, Hans J P M Koenen, Irma Joosten, Cheng-Jian Xu, Yang Li, Leo A B Joosten, Reinout van Crevel, Mihai G Netea, Christoph Bock

Multi-omics analysis of innate and adaptive responses to BCG vaccination reveals epigenetic cell states that predict trained immunity

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2023.12.005

Myint Aung (group Heidi Neubauer) and Jonatan Kendler (group Richard Moriggl) were each awarded one of the coveted DOC scholarships of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW, https://stipendien.oeaw.ac.at/en/fellowships/doc). The scholarships are awarded to outstanding young scientists in a highly competitive selection process.

Myint will use preclinical mouse modelst o investigate the oncogenic STAT5B-driven disease mechanisms and druggabilities in γδ T cell lymphoma.

Jonatan aims to unravel the interplay of CDK6 and STAT5B in NPM/ALK-driven haematopoietic malignancies to define therapeutic vulanerabilities. Both scholarships will start in 2024.

The SFB members congratulate!